Onyx is a distinct variety of agate with its layers formed in parallel with one another. As a general rule, this stone is black-and-white or black-and-gray. There are also onyxes of brownish, green, and orange tints, as well as transparent onyxes with rose, greenish-yellow or golden stripes. Chalcedony (the basic mineral component of onyx) is of grayish color, and various mixtures of chlorides, iron, and other minerals give it different tints. There is also the marble onyx, which is a completely different stone not related to the true onyx.
The most famous art piece made of onyx is the Great Chalice – the cup which belongs to Uspenski Cathedral in Moscow. This cup was made in Rome and was brought to Novgorod in 1006. A few centuries later, after the seizure of Novgorod, the Russian Tzar Ivan the Terrible took it to Moscow where it has been stored for centuries.
Onyx is the stone of warriors and fighters. It helps to concentrate one’s will and forces, to reach the goal, to defend one’s opinion, and to maintain control and momentum. Onyx, if worn daily, is the only stone believed to defend against a curse. On the other hand, it’s also believed to cause nightmares and insomnia. Onyx is capable to quash romantic feelings and even to break apart couples in love. Onyx is also believed to cure various diseases, to strengthen memory, and to improve hearing and sight.