The science of gemology is the study of the origins and properties of precious and semi-precious stones. In fact, it details criteria for gemstone diagnostics and classification. The first “proto-gemologists” sometimes are associated with the beginning of ancient Egyptian civilization, in about 4000 BC. However, gemology is considered to be a rather “young” field of knowledge. Current gemology methods use precise, high-tech equipment and are entirely different from ancient methods.
Gemologists are able to identify gemstones and their origin, deposit locations, and typical minerals’ features. They also research new ways to refine the processing and to enhance the quality of materials used to create jewelry. Gemologists search for new, previously unknown precious stones and also widen the spectrum of use for known minerals. By studying the structure and properties of artificial stones, gemologists try to improve characteristics of existing stones and to create new technologies of mineral synthesis.
In the past, gemologists evaluated only the quality of a precious stone, but they now determine the purity of the stone as well. The price of a genuine stone can be dozens, hundreds, or even a thousand times higher than the price of an artificial one. For this reason, it is important to verify a stone's purity before purchasing it. Usually, the purchase of a genuine stone includes a certificate which states the purity of the stone.