The emerald is one of the most beautiful and noble gemstones that is sometimes valued even more than diamonds. The emerald is a variety of beryl silicate; the presence of chromium gives an emerald its deep-green or bluish-green color. Sometimes emeralds can contain slight traces of mica or pyrite, making them even more valuable.
Emeralds have been appreciated since the Ancient Egyptian period, but they were introduced in Europe only in the 17th century when the conquistadors returned from South America. South America has the most famous emerald deposits in the world. Other well-known deposits of emeralds are located in South Africa; they are the origin of the biggest known emerald on Earth found in 1856 at the Somerset mine. This stone is named the Mogul Emerald and it weights 217.8 carat. One of its sides is covered with flowery engravings, and the other side is covered with prayer texts.
Another famous emerald is the Duke of Devonshire emerald found at Muzo mines in Columbia. It was presented to the Duke by the former governor of Brazil, Emperor Don Pedro I, in 1831. The emerald is far smaller than the Mogul emeralds; the cross section measures 5 cm, height is about 5 cm, and it weighs 132.25 carat. The stone features the Persian inscription: “The one who owns this charm is under the special protection of Lord.”
Small emeralds of different tints are often used for embellishing pieces of jewelry. Jewelers value emeralds because of their clarity with the deep green stones valued more than the pale green stones. Big emeralds are often non-transparent and dull so they are rarely used in jewelry. Typically, emeralds are step-cut and sometimes they are diamond cut.
A distinctive feature of emeralds is their ability to reflect different shades of green depending on the angle at which the light enters their facets. This is true for all beryl gemstones - the deeper the color of the stone, the more reflected color variations that can be observed.
Some people believe that the emerald symbolizes sincerity and purity of the soul. Open-hearted and innocent people are usually lucky with emeralds; meanwhile, liars and mean-spirited people tend to get sick and become unlucky with emeralds. Emeralds are also perceived to be a sort of portal between the human and spirit worlds: emeralds are believed to enable one to recall the past and see the future.