Since the Paleolithic Age, men and women have decorated their wrists with bracelets either for religious, mystical, or decorative purpose. Nowadays, there are many variations of male and female bracelets which differ by appearance, design, and materials. Female bracelets are usually bright, abundantly decorated with gems and ornaments, while male bracelets are more reserved, of straight and simple shape. Female bracelets can be in the form of closed or open hoops. They may be hinged or compound, made of beads or of interlacing metal wires - the choices are countless. Generally, any kind of modern bracelet design is suitable for women. Traditional male bracelets are the chain and hinged ones, as well as those of filigree interlaced metal wires (the so called woven bracelets).
As for the materials, bracelets can be either metal, made of gold, platinum, silver, copper, bronze or other alloys, or made of leather, plastics, bone, and wood. Generally, any kind of bracelet can be decorated with ornaments, precious and semiprecious gems, and sometimes with commemorative inscriptions or images. Bracelets which symbolize friendship, sympathy, or membership in a certain social or cultural group are also very common and popular.
Bangles (also called hoop bracelets) are designed in the classical shape of a simple hoop. These emerged in ancient times, primarily made of wood and bone, and, later, of cast metals. This design is still the most popular one. Though dangles were primarily common for both men and women, nowadays they are often regarded as a female accessory. Today's fashion features bangles made of precious metals, bone, and ivory. However, plastic bracelets with imitated precious gems are quite popular as well.
Chain bracelets are another common type of bracelet. Although earlier chain bracelets were normally regarded as a male attribute, they have recently lost the strict gender connotation. Nowadays, chain bracelets are suitable for both men and women. Chain bracelets are almost always made of metal, often precious metals or other alloys, and can be decorated with one or more small pendants or charms. Because of its textured surface made of chain links connected one to another, this type of bracelets is rarely decorated with gems or engravings. Thin and delicate chain bracelets are usually worn by young women and girls, who may put them either on their wrists or ankles, while thick and massive chains usually are considered suitable for young and adult men and mature women.
Adjustable bracelets, also known as cuffs (wide and solid ones) appeared in the Bronze Age. This type of bracelet looks like a common open ring. Each end of such a bracelet is often decorated with small cast metal figures or balls. These bracelets come in countless variations of shapes, widths, thicknesses, and designs -- from a simple and reserved polished metal band to a true jewelry masterpiece with intricate engraving, ornamentation, and abundant gemstone decor. Adjustable bracelets are often worn not only on the wrist, but also on forearms or upper arms. Thus, they need to be flexible enough to re-size and re-shape to fit the wrist or arm of the wearer. For this reason, they are usually made of metal; plastics, bones, or wood are fairly rigid materials which cannot expand enough and may simply crack while the bracelet is being worn.
Hidden-hinge bracelets originated from hoops. The design of these bracelets consists of two semicircles with ends that are joined on one side with a hinge and on the other side with a locker. The locker is usually hidden, as well as the hinge, and is often decorated with a single gem. As a rule, hinge bracelets are made of metal durable enough to prevent the locker and hinge from breaking during use. Hidden-hinge bracelets are rarely made of gold, platinum, and other costly metals and alloys; instead, silver, bronze, or other cheap alloys are used. Yet some jewelers occasionally experiment with this bracelet type, producing originally designed, beautiful hidden-hinge bracelets from precious metals embellished with gems or decorated with engravings.
Flexible link bracelets consist of small, flat links that often look like metal plates, connected to each other with hinges or springs. These links usually have plain upper surfaces, sometimes decorated with small gemstones. Link bracelets with smooth surfaces usually are considered male jewelry, while engraved, sophisticated, and fancy link bracelets are considered to be female decorations. Link bracelets often are used as wristwatch bands. There are numerous variations of traditional designs as well more intricate textures.
Woven bracelets usually are made of soft precious metals, such as silver, copper, and gold, and they look like thin, interlaced wires. Sometimes, if a jewelry maker has limited himself to producing thin and delicate interlacing, these bracelets may look rather modest. On the other hand, woven bracelets may be real masterpieces of braiding in which intricate and complex interlacing joins multiple design elements into complete composition.
Beaded bracelets, sometimes also called string-bracelets, appeared at the very time that prehistoric people began making body decorations of bones, seashells, plant seeds, and stones. At first, these were rather modest, but, after people learned to cast metals and polish stones, their beaded bracelets became more and more lavish and fancy. Nowadays, there are numerous variations of beaded or string-bracelets. They can be made of precious materials, semiprecious stones, glass, plastics, wood, ivory, etc.
Ankle bracelets are traditional female decoration in Arabic countries and India. Historically, they were usually decorated with tiny bells and worn by female dancers who combined ankle bracelets with clanking loincloths or shawls and wrist bracelets. Jewelry dangling and clanking was a part of the melody, helping the dancer to create and follow the dance rhythm.
The most popular design of an ankle bracelet is that of a thin and reserved chain with one or few pendants. Today, these are worn by women all over the world. Cheap ankle bracelets are often made of bronze, silumin, and other alloys, while more expensive ones usually are made of silver, gold, and platinum and often are decorated with a few, small gemstones or delicate pendants.
Besides pure decorative purposes, bracelets often bear symbolic meaning. In Europe and the US, and later in Eastern Europe, the so called “bracelets of friendship” have become very popular. These usually are braided threads forming fancy ornaments or inscriptions. Braided bracelets were a common decoration of the Native Americans; they come from times when Europeans didn’t know anything of the New World. In the 1960s and 1970s, the popularity of braided friendship bracelets reached its climax as a significant part of the hippie movement and its subculture. These bracelets usually are braided by the giver, presented as a symbol of friendship or in token of one’s secret dreams coming true. Some believe that when a self-braided bracelet is torn, a dream of its owner is sure to come true.
Bracelets with religious images or with the label of a subculture are another well-known kind of symbolic bracelet. Their design may vary from classical, engraved hoop bracelets to braided and leather ones with certain ornaments. Originated in ancient times, when any object worn on ones body either decorated or symbolized something, these bracelets remain as popular and as diversified as ever.
Charm bracelets are known practically throughout Europe. The distinctive feature of this bracelet type is that their design enables the wearer to permanently or temporary attach various pendants and beads of certain charm meaning to the bracelet. The history of charm bracelets goes back to the Neolithic Age. At that time, people wanted to protect themselves from evil or accidents with the help of pieces of wood, stone, or other natural materials of fancy or unusual shapes which were believed to bring luck in hunting, fighting, crafting, trading, etc.
In the late 1990s, the trend of wearing charm bracelets once again came into fashion. Many jewelry makers and jewelry brands in both Europe and North America gave the quickest response to the demand, producing modular golden and silver charm bracelets with flexible designs. In addition to bracelets, a great variety of charm beads, engraved or decorated with gemstones, are being produced, because wearers tend to change charm beads and pendants depending on their activities, personal needs etc.
One particular type of European charm bracelet is the Italian charm bracelet, which has a smooth chain body onto which charm beads are strung, not hung. These are especially popular for their convenient and elegant design. Also, Italian charm bracelets have links that can be easily added or removed; this enables the wearer to modulate the length of the bracelet depending on his or her wrist size.