Agate is a microcrystalline variety of quartz (silica), chiefly chalcedony, which can be found in the cavities of volcanic rocks. Due to the presence of certain amounts of iron, agates can become orange, red, brown, or even black in color, and the presence of chlorides make agates turn greenish. Agate can hardly be mistaken for another gemstone because it is so unique due to its grain and color. Its uniqueness is perhaps the reason why it has been valued and widely used by jewelers since ancient times.
The characteristics agate is valued for are its color and grain. The variety of textures among agates is the product of different mineral depositions such as quartz, chalcedony, opal, and quartzine. An interesting fact is that a stone can be called an agate only if it is formed from zigzag shaped mineral layers. When the stone's layers form on top of each other in straight parallel planes, the stone is called an onyx even though it is the same chemical structure as agate.
Formed in natural rock cavities, agates can sometimes inherit the rock shape. Agates that are formed by concentric layers are called circular and are considered to be the most valuable. Sometimes in the center of the agate, one or more rock crystals can be found. It is also interesting that a 1 cm deep agate piece may be composed of thousands of microscopic layers. Natural agates, in addition to their natural brightness, can also acquire colors artificially, and the transparent agate layers are very sensitive to coloring agents.
Agate is, without a doubt, one of the most fascinating and beautiful stones, but nature has invented an even more wonderful phenomenon – agate geodes. These formations are hollow agates full of rock crystals or violet amethysts and other minerals.
Legend states that agate can be found only by an innocent person with a pure soul. The agate can protect its owner from poisons and beasts and from enemies’ plots and other threats. The agate can help developing oratory skills and find solutions to any problem. This gemstone is also believed to increase a person’s self-confidence and to raise his spirit; it can make one wiser and bestow a sense of empowerment and inspiration.
Orange or brownish-orange agate is believed to help in making friends and solving romantic problems; it also helps to find a way to prosperity and fame. White agate symbolizes peace of mind and calmness, it also protects its bearer from evil spirits and hexes and encourages kindness, sincerity, and moderation. Yellow agate assists in preserving health by accumulating and restoring vital force.
Gray agate is a symbol of openness and purity, and it helps to expose and avoid lies, deception, and betrayal; to overcome conflicts; to protect from those who wish ill-will; to help find peace and mutual understanding. Blue agate brings calmness and love and inspires creativity and craftsmanship. Black agate is a defense against accidents and curses and is a source of spiritual energy and stability. Black agate also brings wealth.